双语热点:女王丈夫菲利普的头衔传给谁?扒一扒英国皇室头衔

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当地时间4月9日,英国女王伊丽莎白二世的丈夫菲利普亲王逝世,享年99岁。根据1947年乔治六世授予菲利普这个头衔时的旨意,现在身为储君的威尔士亲王-查尔斯王子获得了爱丁堡公爵的头衔。相信很多人听到英国王室成员长长的名字、拗口的名称和头衔一定很晕,而且搞不清楚哪个头衔和哪个称谓其实是一个人,现在就跟大家聊聊女王丈夫的头衔,以及英国贵族的等级:
Prince Philip, the husband of Britain's Queen Elizabeth II, died at the age of 99 on Friday. With his death, the title of the Duke of Edinburgh gets passed down to another member of the royal family — but who?
"It is with deep sorrow that Her Majesty The Queen announces the death of her beloved husband, His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh," the royal family said Friday, announcing the death of the Queen's husband of more than 70 years and the longest-serving royal consort. "His Royal Highness passed away peacefully this morning at Windsor Castle. Further announcements will be made in due course. The Royal Family join with people around the world in mourning his loss."
Prince Charles, the oldest of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip's four children, inherited his father's title upon his death, as well as his other titles, Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich, of Greenwich in the County of London.
According to the College of Arms, which creates and maintains official registers of coats of arms and pedigrees, "these peerages are hereditary and on the death of His Royal Highness have passed to his eldest son, HRH The Prince of Wales. In the event of the Prince of Wales or any subsequent holder of these titles succeeding to the Crown, these titles and all others held will merge with the Crown."
However, Charles won't always be the Duke of Edinburgh. Rather, the title will eventually be given to his younger brother, Prince Edward.

热点解读:
从最初的希腊王子,到英国女王的丈夫,菲利普在人生的不同时期,拥有各种各样不同的头衔或称号。特别是入赘到英国王室后,我们知道,温莎王朝的礼节和规矩非常多,而且王室成员的等级越高,头衔也越多。
根据1947年乔治六世授予菲利普这个头衔时的旨意,现在身为储君的威尔士亲王-查尔斯王子获得了爱丁堡公爵的头衔。在查尔斯王子登基后,这个头衔将“与王位合并”,可重新授予伊丽莎白二世女王和菲利普亲王最小的儿子、威塞克斯伯爵爱德华王子。
菲利普的头衔
菲利普亲王的完整称呼为:
His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth, Baron Greenwich, Royal Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Grand Master and First and Principal Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire, Member of the Order of Merit, Companion of the Order of Australia, Extra Companion of the Queen"s Service Order, Royal Chief of the Order of Logohu, Canadian Forces Decoration, Lord of Her Majesty"s Most Honourable Privy Council, Privy Councillor of the Queen"s Privy Council for Canada, Personal Aide-de-Camp to Her Majesty.
菲利普亲王殿下,爱丁堡公爵,梅里奥尼思伯爵,格林威治男爵,最高贵嘉德勋章的皇家骑士,最古老和最高贵蓟花勋章骑士,大英帝国勋章的高贵主人和首席骑士,功绩勋章成员,澳大利亚勋章伴随,女王服务勋章额外伴随,天堂鸟勋章的皇家首领,加拿大武装力量奖章,女王陛下最尊敬的枢密院大臣,女王的加拿大枢密院大臣,女王陛下的私人侍从武官。

头衔的继承
我们知道,英国的王位有一定的继任顺序。当君主去世的时候,排名最靠前的王室成员将继承王位。其实,公爵(Duke)、侯爵(Marquis或Marquess)、伯爵(Earl)等头衔也有相应的继任顺序。
在菲利普所有的头衔中,除了亲王,最重要的无疑是爱丁堡公爵。这一爵位以苏格兰王国首府爱丁堡命名,自1726年起册立。
爱丁堡公爵采用的是长子继承制,菲利普于4月9日去世后,他的长子查尔斯王子已于4月10日继任为新一代的爱丁堡公爵。同理,如果未来某天查尔斯王子去世,其长子威廉王子将继任为爱丁堡公爵。
另外,菲利普的梅里奥达思伯爵和格林尼治男爵头衔,也已经由查尔斯王子继承。
除了爱丁堡公爵,英国现存了35个公爵爵位,可以分为五大类,按照礼仪顺序,从先到后为英格兰公爵、苏格兰公爵、大不列颠公爵、爱尔兰公爵、联合王国公爵(包括王室公爵)。
这个顺序是按照公爵的册封时间制定的,但是,君主有权力给予任何贵族更靠前的优先地位。因此,王室公爵的优先地位往往是最高的,他们是君主的丈夫、儿子、孙子或者亲兄弟。
目前,王室公爵一共有8个,包括康沃尔公爵(Duke of Cornwall)、罗撒西公爵(Duke of Rothesay)、爱丁堡公爵(Duke of Edinburgh)、剑桥公爵(Duke of Cambridge)、萨塞克斯公爵(Duke of Sussex)、约克公爵(Duke of York)、格洛斯特公爵(Duke of Gloucester)、肯特公爵(Duke of Kent)。
在父亲去世后,查尔斯王子的头衔和爵位应该是最多的了,包括威尔士亲王(Prince of Wales)和切斯特伯爵(Earl of Chester)、康沃尔公爵(Duke of Cornwall)、罗撒西公爵(Duke of Rothesay)、爱丁堡公爵(Duke of Edinburgh)、卡里克伯爵(Earl of Carrick)、梅里奥达思伯爵(Earl of Merioneth)、伦弗鲁男爵(Baron Renfrew)、格林尼治男爵(Baron Greenwich)。
当然,这些头衔和爵位更多只是一种荣誉。在大多数的场合中,并不会全部使用它们。试想一下,如果要一次性念完所有的头衔,肯定需要花很长的时间。

英国勋衔可以分三大类:
公爵,侯爵,伯爵,子爵,男爵。
一是皇族勋位(royal orders),赐封予皇族或最高级的贵族(安妮公主之类);二是贵族勋位(noble or family orders),赐予一般贵族(该隐那一级的世袭贵族),三是功绩勋位(orders of merit),赐予有重大贡献的人士(英国首相,撒切尔女男爵)。
皇族与贵族的勋衔(peerages)共分五大级,其名称与它们的相对女性称谓如下:
公爵Duke(Duchess)、侯爵Marquis(Marchioness)、伯爵Earl(Countess)、子爵Viscount(Viscountess)、男爵Baron(Baroness)。但男爵之下还有从男爵(Baronet),是世袭爵位中最低级者。